postgresql ignoring ~ character when sorting in Django project

This is normal behaviour. Your default collation is one that ignores punctuation and other special characters when sorting.

If you want to do a simple sort where every character is considered based on its ordinal value in the current text encoding, use COLLATE "C". This may be applied at the database, column, index or query level.

You can't change the collation of an existing database database-wide, but you can change columns and indexes.

If you want to change it for the whole database you'll need to pg_dump the database, drop the database, and re-create the database with COLLATE "C" as one of the CREATE DATABASE options. I do not recommend doing this, though, since it leads to what users will consider to be wrong sort order for real natural language text.

Instead, change it on a per-column basis, e.g.

ALTER TABLE collate_demo ALTER COLUMN test_col TYPE text COLLATE "C";

(Keep the same type as before, just change the collation)

Note that you can also specify the collation you want for individual queries, though Django might not let you do that. E.g.

SELECT * FROM collate_demo ORDER BY test_col COLLATE "C";

or

SELECT * FROM collate_demo WHERE test_col > 'A' COLLATE "C" ORDER BY test_col COLLATE "C";

The COLLATE clause applies only to the particular comparison operator or ORDER BY it's specified with. It isn't a modifier for the whole query.

Note that even if two strings are equal according to national language collation rules they'll never be reported as equal by PostgreSQL. It sorts by utf-8 representation byte-order if the natural language collation says they sort the same but they're not byte-wise identical.

There's a Django ticket open for COLLATE support, which has been closed as almost a duplicate of icontains can be case-sensitive on MySQL. It seems to have languished indefinitely. I've added a note strongly encouraging implementation of COLLATE as the right way to solve the problem.