Passing parameters to query in SQL Server

I have to count edges between neighbors of nodes in a graph in SQL Server whereas I have tables as GraphNodes and GraphEdges. The structure of tables is available in previous question

Relating to previous question, here is the aspect of question is different as:
I have to execute these steps to perform the task i.e.

1. take a node say V from GraphNodes

2. have to have DISTINCT neighbors list for V (e.g. in a TABLE variable SQL)

3. check (COUNT DISTINCT) links between neighbors of V in GraphEdges
4. output V with DISTINCT links between its neighbors

The query I have tried for a single node works fine i.e.

SELECT GN.id, COUNT(DISTINCT(CONCAT(GE.Source_Node,'-', GE.Target_Node))) AS NeighborLinks
FROM GraphEdges GE
JOIN GraphNodes GN ON GN.id = 512
WHERE Source_Node IN (SELECT DISTINCT Target_Node FROM GraphEdges WHERE Source_Node = 512
                      UNION ALL
                      SELECT DISTINCT Source_Node FROM GraphEdges WHERE Target_Node = 512
                     ) 
  AND Target_Node IN (SELECT DISTINCT Target_Node FROM GraphEdges WHERE Source_Node = 512
                       UNION ALL
                       SELECT DISTINCT Source_Node FROM GraphEdges WHERE Target_Node = 512
                     )
GROUP BY GN.id  

I have taken id = 512 as a sample where it is id in GraphNodes. This query outputs as:

+-------+-----------------+
|  id   |   NeighborLinks |
+-------+-----------------+
|  512  |   6             |
+-------+-----------------+  

The reason for using UNION ALL in WHERE clause is that the id i.e. 512 exists in both columns i.e. Source_Node and Target_Node as well, so have to select DISTINCT neighbors from both columns is necessary. Moreover, using same list for GE.Source_Node and GE.Target_Node because have to check links only between neighbors of V i.e. 512.
The question is how to use what I think the TABLE variable or any other method to sort out this problem of providing long list of values instead of 512

I have came up with this solution regarding table variable but got error using table variables inside query as:
Try 1

DECLARE @ID TABLE(id INT)
DECLARE @S_Neighbor TABLE (id INT)
DECLARE @T_Neighbor TABLE (id INT)

INSERT INTO @ID SELECT id FROM GraphNodes

INSERT INTO @S_Neighbor SELECT DISTINCT Source_Node 
                        FROM GraphEdges 
                        WHERE Target_Node IN (SELECT id FROM @ID)
--UNION ALL
INSERT INTO @T_Neighbor SELECT DISTINCT Target_Node 
                        FROM GraphEdges 
                        WHERE Source_Node IN (SELECT id FROM @ID)

SELECT GN.id,COUNT(DISTINCT(CONCAT(GE.Source_Node,'-', GE.Target_Node))) AS Mutual_Links
FROM GraphEdges GE
JOIN GraphNodes GN ON GN.id = @ID
WHERE Source_Node IN (SELECT DISTINCT Target_Node 
                      FROM GraphEdges 
                      WHERE Source_Node IN @T_Neighbor

                      UNION ALL

                      SELECT DISTINCT Source_Node 
                      FROM GraphEdges 
                      WHERE Target_Node IN @S_Neighbor)
   AND Target_Node IN (SELECT DISTINCT Target_Node 
                       FROM GraphEdges 
                       WHERE Source_Node IN @S_Neighbor

                       UNION ALL

                       SELECT DISTINCT Source_Node 
                       FROM GraphEdges 
                       WHERE Target_Node IN @T_Neighbor)
GROUP BY GN.id  

I also tried this:
Try 2

DECLARE @ID_COUNTER INT
DECLARE @MAX_ID INT

SET @ID_COUNTER = 1
SET @MAX_ID = 148410

WHILE @ID_COUNTER <= @MAX_ID
BEGIN
  (
    SELECT GN.id, 
    COUNT(DISTINCT(CONCAT(GE.Source_Node,'-', GE.Target_Node))) AS Mutual_Links
    FROM GraphEdges GE
    JOIN GraphNodes GN ON GN.id = @ID_COUNTER
    WHERE Source_Node IN (SELECT DISTINCT Target_Node 
                          FROM GraphEdges WHERE Source_Node = @ID_COUNTER
                          UNION ALL
                          SELECT DISTINCT Source_Node 
                          FROM GraphEdges WHERE Target_Node = @ID_COUNTER
                         ) 
       AND Target_Node IN (SELECT DISTINCT Target_Node 
                           FROM GraphEdges WHERE Source_Node = @ID_COUNTER
                           UNION ALL
                           SELECT DISTINCT Source_Node 
                           FROM GraphEdges WHERE Target_Node = @ID_COUNTER
                          )
    GROUP BY GN.id
   )
  SET @ID_COUNTER += 1
END

I have used @MAX_ID = 3 and it took 56 sec to return output whereas @MAX_ID is originally = 148410. Though the returned values for NeighborLinks are correct but the output shown is in three separate windows for as:

id  NeighborLinks
1   53

 id NeighborLinks
 2  318

id  NeighborLinks
3   297