No.
When JavaScript runs in a web client, it runs synchronously - meaning only one thread of execution for JavaScript is possible at a time.
Because of this, if a function makes a call for an asynchronous operation to be performed (like XmlHttpRequest.send or setTimeout), that operation is handled via a WebAPI by the browser OUTSIDE of the JavaScript runtime in a separate thread and the callbacks for that operation are then queued up and are executed when the JavaScript runtime is idle.
In your code:
do{
var ajaxresponse = make an ajax call and assign the response to the variable.
while( ajaxresponse.length == <some number>);
the ajaxresponse won't come back until the function containing the do/while loop completes, so when your while condition checks the ajaxresponse, there won't be a value to check.
do { await fetch(…); } while (…):-P