Given a string create a multidimensional array with named keys usign a regex

Question

I'm using PHP. Given, for example, the following string:

$str = "a2c4-8|a6c2,c3-5,c6[2],c8[4]-10,c14-21[5]|a30"

and exploding it by | I get the strings:

a2c4-8
a6c2,c3-5,c6[2],c8[4]-10,c14-21[5]
a30

Now I would like to separate the digits that follow the a from all the other characters, remove the letters a and c (keep dashes, commas and square brackets) and place the results in a multidimensional array as follows:

Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [a] => 2
            [c] => 4-8
        )

    [1] => Array
        (
            [a] => 6
            [c] => 2,3-5,6[2],8[4]-10,14-21[5]
    )

    [2] => Array
        (
            [a] => 30
            [c] => 
        )

)

a is always followed by digit and after this digit there may be or may not be a c followed by other comma separated strings.

Notice that in the resulting array the letters a and c have been removed. All other characters have been kept. I tried to modify this answer by Casimir et Hippolyte but without success.

A plus would be avoid to add to the resulting array empty array keys (as the last [c] above).

After exploding you probably want to use a regex to match the different parts and then just put them into the result array (Something like this: 3v4l.org/XoIb1). — Rizier123
– Rizier123, Commented Jun 28, 2016 at 15:46

RomanPerekhrest · Accepted Answer · 2016-06-28 16:51:02Z

Consider the following solution using preg_match_all function with named submasks((?P<a>)...) and PREG_SET_ORDER flag, array_map, array_filter, array_column(available since PHP 5.5) and trim functions:

$str = "a2c4-8|a6c2,c3-5,c6[2],c8[4]-10,c14-21[5]|a30";
$parts = explode("|", $str);

$result = array_map(function ($v) {
    preg_match_all("/(?P<a>a\d+)?(?P<c>c[0-9-\[\]]+)?/", $v, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER);
    $arr = [];
    $a_numbers = array_filter(array_column($matches, "a"));
    $c_numbers = array_filter(array_column($matches, "c"));
    if (!empty($a_numbers)) {
        $arr['a'] = array_map(function($v){ return trim($v, 'a'); }, $a_numbers)[0];
    }
    if (!empty($c_numbers)) {
        $arr['c'] = implode(",", array_map(function($v){ return trim($v, 'c'); }, $c_numbers));
    }

    return $arr;
}, $parts);

print_r($result);

The output:

Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [a] => 2
            [c] => 4-8
        )

    [1] => Array
        (
            [a] => 6
            [c] => 2,3-5,6[2],8[4]-10,14-21[5]
        )

    [2] => Array
        (
            [a] => 30
        )
)

P.S. "empty array keys" are also omitted

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