You can just split each string on : using strsplit. That gives a cell array of strings (char vectors) that you can directly pass to hex2dec; no need for zero-padding:
n = {'0:7:80:bc:eb:64';
'0:7:80:bc:eb:69';
'0:7:80:bc:eb:69';
'0:7:80:bc:eb:69'}; % data: cell array of strings
k = 1; % select one cell
t = strsplit(n{k}, ':');
result = hex2dec(t);
This gives
t =
'0' '7' '80' 'bc' 'eb' '64'
result =
0
7
128
188
235
100
To get the numbers from all strings as a matrix, join the strings of the cell array using strjoin, apply the above, and then apply reshape:
n = {'0:7:80:bc:eb:64';
'0:7:80:bc:eb:69';
'0:7:80:bc:eb:69';
'0:7:80:bc:eb:69'}; % data: cell array of strings
nj = strjoin(n, ':');
t = strsplit(nj, ':');
result = hex2dec(t);
result = reshape(result, [], numel(n)).';
This gives
result =
0 7 128 188 235 100
0 7 128 188 235 105
0 7 128 188 235 105
0 7 128 188 235 105