It would be easiest to use json_decode:
json_decode('["Пятницкое шоссе","Митино","Волоколамская","Планерная","Сходненская"]', true)
But if for some reason you are not parsing is as json, you should be able to use explode:
explode(',', '"Пятницкое шоссе","Митино","Волоколамская","Планерная","Сходненская"');
If you need to deal with the brackets, you can trim them from the string with something like this prior to exploding:
$string = trim('["Пятницкое шоссе","Митино","Волоколамская","Планерная","Сходненская"]', '[]');