Props are the only sensible thing you can do. You must make them work otherwise using vue with components will just be a pointless exercise.
Based on this response : https://stackoverflow.com/a/46076011/487813
Use a prop in you component:
props: ['test'],
<template>
<nav class="navbar">
<p style="text-align: center; color: white;">{{test}}</p>
</nav>
</template>
Here {{test}} is the Vue.js directive to write the property value of test
In navbar.blade.php
<component-name :test="{{$test}}"></component-name>
Here {{$test}} is the blade directive to echo the PHP variable test.
<body class="">
<div id="app">
<div class="">
@php
$test = 'set the right value for test here or anywhere before including the navbar';
@endphp
@include('navbar')
@yield('content') <- here another components
</div>
</div>
</body>
@$testwith?