You're trying to set the value of a number input to a string, and not even one that can be cast to a number.
Replace your functions with:
document.getElementById("one").value = "123";
or
document.getElementById("one").value = 123;
and that will work.
If you want the input to be set to abc, you should switch the input type from number to text
<input type="text" id="one" onchange="gn()">
EDIT
I copied my proposed solution of changing inputs into text into an HTML file. Below is the entirety of that file:
1 <html>
2
3 <input type="text" onkeyup="fn()">
4 <input type="text" id="one" onchange="gn()">
5 <input type="text" id="two">
6
7 <script>
8 function fn(){ document.getElementById("one").value = "abc"}
9 function gn(){ document.getElementById("two").value = "def"}
10 </script>
11 </html>
With this, a keyup event in the first box will change the 2nd input to abc. Changing the value (as in, entering in a value and clicking out of) the 2nd box will make the 3rd box have a value of def.
element.value = 'something') does NOT trigger a change event. You can manually trigger the change event, or make sure to call any relevant functions after changing the value.