How should I store Map<String, LinkedList<Object>> data into database table?

Instaed of storing the key and respective array of values in map, store the key as id and custom object as value.

where custom object is object with the properties id, name, jobrole and Salary.

create Map and store the custom objects against to the ID.So you can easily retrieve the objects and create sql statements and execute them.

 Map<Interger, CustomObject> = new HashMap<Integer, CustomObject>

For multiple inset query execution use batch insert and batch execute methods, this is to avoid multiple database hits.

refer : How to execute multiple SQL statements from java for batch update operations.

you can use a for loop to iterate through all of your data and build your query string one at a time

maybe something like this

for(int j = 0; j < mapOfData.get("ID").length(); j++){
     strID = mapOfData.get("ID").get(j);
     strName = mapOfData.get("Name").get(j);

     query = "INSERT INTO TABLE VALUES (" + strID + ", " + strName + ")";
}

you iterate through the entire length of your map (given that there are NO MISSING DATA in your map), access each of the linkedlists and get the value from there.

This is a bad way to do it, but your current data structure doesn't leave me much options.

public static void main(String[] args) {

    //GIVEN
    Map<String, LinkedList<Object>> data = new HashMap<>();
    data.put("id", Stream.of(1, 2, 3)
            .collect(Collectors.toCollection(LinkedList::new)));
    data.put("name", Stream.of("a", "b", "c")
            .collect(Collectors.toCollection(LinkedList::new)));
    data.put("jobrole", Stream.of("x", "y", "z")
            .collect(Collectors.toCollection(LinkedList::new)));
    data.put("salary", Stream.of(10.0, 20.0, 30.0)
            .collect(Collectors.toCollection(LinkedList::new)));

    //Let's fix your data structure first
    Employee[] employeesArr = null;
    for (Map.Entry<String, LinkedList<Object>> entry : data.entrySet()) {
        int count = 0;
        if (employeesArr == null) {
            employeesArr = new Employee[entry.getValue().size()];
            for (int i = 0; i < employeesArr.length; i++) {
                employeesArr[i] = new Employee();
            }
        }
        switch (entry.getKey()) {
            case "id":
                for (Object o : entry.getValue()) {
                    employeesArr[count++].setId((Integer) o);
                }
                break;
            case "name":
                for (Object o : entry.getValue()) {
                    employeesArr[count++].setName((String) o);
                }
                break;
            case "jobrole":
                for (Object o : entry.getValue()) {
                    employeesArr[count++].setRole((String) o);
                }
                break;
            case "salary":
                for (Object o : entry.getValue()) {
                    employeesArr[count++].setSalary((Double) o);
                }
                break;
        }
    }

    //employeesArr is a much better data structure
    for (int i = 0; i < employeesArr.length; i++) {
        //use PreparedStatement or an ORM
        System.out.println("insert into DBROLTA.Employee(id, name, jobrole, salary) values ("
                + employeesArr[i].getId() + ", '"
                + employeesArr[i].getName() + "', '"
                + employeesArr[i].getRole() + "', "
                + employeesArr[i].getSalary()
                + ");");
    }

}

Employee.java

public class Employee {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String role;
    private double salary;

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    //other getters/setters
}