Adding a while and for loop

Hints:

1. Get rid of all of the c<n> and i<n> declarations and all of the if tests. They don't help you solve the problem.
2. Make use of the fact that '0' + <n> == '<n>' where <n> is 0 .. 9.
3. Or use Character.digit(char, 10). Read the javadocs.
4. You don't use nextDouble() to read an integer. Read the javadocs.

More Hints:

1. Generalise the problem to 'count the distinct characters in a string'. Since you're reading the input as a string anyway, just forget that you're counting integers for the moment, and focus on counting char appearances within a string.

2. Think of a data structure that can contain a pair of (distinct char, count).

3. Iterate through the characters within a string, add the character to your data structure in point 2 if it doesn't exist with a default value of 0, then increment the count of the char you're currently looking at.

4. When showing the output of your program, iterate through the entries of your data structure, validate that the char is an integer (if validation is important), and return the count for that char.

I'm not sure if you have trouble with iteration or not, but here is how to loop through the characters of a string:

String s = "123 456 789";

for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++){
    char c = s.charAt(i);
    // process c
}

// or, if you know what 'smart loops' in Java are...

for(char c : s.toCharArray()) {
    // process c
}

To confuse matters, here it is in... 'pseudocode' (edited based on comments) ;)

>>> s = "012 345 678 900"
>>> datastructure = {}
>>> for c in s:
...     if c not in datastructure:
...         datastructure[c] = 0
...     datastructure[c] += 1
... 
>>> for c in '0123456789':
...     if c not in datastructure:
...         datastructure[c] = 0
...     print 'Digit %s appeared %d times' % (c, datastructure[c])
... 
Digit 0 appeared 3 times
Digit 1 appeared 1 times
Digit 2 appeared 1 times
Digit 3 appeared 1 times
Digit 4 appeared 1 times
Digit 5 appeared 1 times
Digit 6 appeared 1 times
Digit 7 appeared 1 times
Digit 8 appeared 1 times
Digit 9 appeared 1 times

Your idea isn't that bad, you just obviously need some loops :)

1: loop to get numbers - you can't duplicate the same code 10x - write it once, in a loop.

2: loop to check digits - you can use your's ifs, or do it as Josh said but before - you need data structure to store your data - occurs of digits. 10 variables is bad, BAD:), idea.
use array[2][10] or simply array[10] (where number of digits = index of array and value = occurs) or even better - HashMap<> - google it.

then inside loop you do:

for(int i = 0; i<10; i++){
    if (myCurrentNumberToCheck %10 == i)
        array[i] = array[i] + 1; // approach with simple array[10]
    if ((myCurrentNumberToCheck %100 >= i*10) && (myCurrentNumberToCheck %100 < (i+1)*10 )) // needs to be tested
        array[i] = array[i] + 1;
    if ((myCurrentNumberToCheck %1000 >= i*100) && (myCurrentNumberToCheck %1000 < (i+1)*100 )) // needs to be tested
        array[i] = array[i] + 1;
}

ahh and your inserted numbers should be in some structure too - try List numbers = new ArrayList<int>() here :) and iterate thou list, to take a look at next number.

so you will need to add numbers to List, and nextly - go thou that list and check them and here use that loop i wrote above

the problem with readInt() and readDouble() is that it ignores leading 0 and trailing 0 after the decimal i.e. 01.10 => 1.1

A much simpler approach is to just read every character.

  int ch;
  while((ch = System.in.read())>=0) {
      // you have one character

  }