Repeat an SQL query with different parameters

I believe following query is what you need

SELECT S.SeqValue, COUNT(C.zipcode)
FROM
(
    SELECT
        SEQ.SeqValue
    FROM
    (
    SELECT
        (TENS.SeqValue + ONES.SeqValue) SeqValue
    FROM
        (
        SELECT 0  SeqValue
        UNION ALL
        SELECT 1 SeqValue
        UNION ALL
        SELECT 2 SeqValue
        UNION ALL
        SELECT 3 SeqValue
        UNION ALL
        SELECT 4 SeqValue
        UNION ALL
        SELECT 5 SeqValue
        UNION ALL
        SELECT 6 SeqValue
        UNION ALL
        SELECT 7 SeqValue
        UNION ALL
        SELECT 8 SeqValue
        UNION ALL
        SELECT 9 SeqValue
        ) ONES
    CROSS JOIN
        (
        SELECT 0 SeqValue
        UNION ALL
        SELECT 10 SeqValue
        UNION ALL
        SELECT 20 SeqValue
        UNION ALL
        SELECT 30 SeqValue
        UNION ALL
        SELECT 40 SeqValue
        UNION ALL
        SELECT 50 SeqValue
        UNION ALL
        SELECT 60 SeqValue
        UNION ALL
        SELECT 70 SeqValue
        UNION ALL
        SELECT 80 SeqValue
        UNION ALL
        SELECT 90 SeqValue
        ) TENS
    ) SEQ
) AS S
LEFT JOIN
( 
    SELECT car.zipcode
    FROM car_rent 
    INNER JOIN car ON car_rent.car_id = car.id 
    WHERE car_rent.created_at BETWEEN 2019-01-01 AND 2019-01-31 
) AS C ON C.zipcode LIKE CONCAT(CONVERT(VARCHAR, S.SeqValue), '%')
GROUP BY S.SeqValue

UPDATE

ON clause updated for MYSQL (thanks @Raymond for pointed out)

Something like this:

select left(car.zipcode, 2) Zip, count(*) 
from car_rent 
inner join car on car_rent.car_id = car.id 
where car_rent.created_at BETWEEN 2019-01-01 and 2019-01-31 
**and car.zipcode like '75%'** EDIT Apologies: this line needs to be removed.
group by left(car.zipcode, 2)

..will do it without iterating.

However, I'm not sure that this is valid SQL for MySQL as I don't have it. You may need to change it to

• get the 2 left-most characters of the zipcode
• name the selected column (ISTR MySql does something with ` marks and naming?)
• MySQL GROUP BY has some interesting quirks.

You have multiple issues in the query. A very close approximation to what you want is:

select left(c.zipcode, 2) as zip2, count(*) 
from car c join
     car_rent cr
     on cr.car_id = c.id 
where cr.created_at >= '2019-01-01' and
      cr.created_at < '2019-02-01'
group by left(c.zipcode, 2)
order by zip2;

Notes:

• Date constants need single quotes.
• Table aliases make the query easier to write and to read.
• It is unclear if created_at has a time component. If so, your version misses rows created on 2019-01-31, unless created at exactly midnight. Replacing the between with the above logic works both for dates and datetimes.
• The basic solution to your question is group by.