You need to send a post to get into the form before start filling, this is how you see the link you posted: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfhLUFVzPk48c-Mdbc1N1ImVAtsZ_8WaQESydWrXOsJvz2rRw/viewform 
Try to use the DevTools inspector to try to reproduce the requests and responses, inspecting the 'Next' button and in the Network tab you could find the request that gets you into the form:

How to reproduce them with python? A cool site to transform the curl requests in python code curl.trillworks
Paste the request and send it!
In [1]: import requests
...:
...: headers = {
...: 'authority': 'docs.google.com',
...: 'cache-control': 'max-age=0',
...: 'origin': 'https://docs.google.com',
...: 'upgrade-insecure-requests': '1',
...: 'content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
...: 'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like
...: Gecko) Chrome/79.0.3945.117 Safari/537.36',
...: 'sec-fetch-user': '?1',
...: 'accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.
...: 8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9',
...: 'x-chrome-connected': 'id=102279514883169871637,mode=0,enable_account_consistency=false,consist
...: ency_enabled_by_default=false',
...: 'x-client-data': 'CJW2yQEIpbbJAQjEtskBCKmdygEI6qzKAQicrcoBCMuuygEIvbDKAQiOssoBCPe0ygEIl7XKAQiYt
...: coBCOy1ygEI4bbKARirpMoB',
...: 'sec-fetch-site': 'same-origin',
...: 'sec-fetch-mode': 'navigate',
...: }
...:
...: data = {
...: 'fvv': '1',
...: 'draftResponse': '[null,null,"4300515041069574030"]\r\n',
...: 'pageHistory': '0',
...: 'fbzx': '4300515041069574030',
...: 'continue': '1'
...: }
...:
...: response = requests.post('https://docs.google.com/forms/u/0/d/e/1FAIpQLSfhLUFVzPk48c-Mdbc1N1ImVAtsZ
...: _8WaQESydWrXOsJvz2rRw/formResponse', headers=headers, data=data)
...:
In [2]: 'DOS' in response.text # And boom!
Out[2]: True