Plotting multiple 3d lines in one figure using plotly

Question

I have many 2d sequences with variable length, i.e. lists of list where each sublist is a sequence. I want to project these sequences/lines/sublists in a 3d visualisation adding time-step as another dimension. So far I am failing to plot all the 3d lines using plotly.express.

import plotly.express as px

t = [[ii+1 for ii in range(len(features[i]))] for i in range(len(labels))]
x0 = [[x[0] for x in features[i]] for i in range(len(labels))]
x1 = [[x[1] for x in features[i]] for i in range(len(labels))]

df = pd.DataFrame(dict(
    X=[tii for ti in t for tii in ti],
    Y=[xii for xi in x0 for xii in xi],
    Z=[xii for xi in x1 for xii in xi],
    color=[aa for a in labels for aa in a]
))
fig = px.line_3d(df, x="X", y="Y", z="Z", color="color")
fig.show

This is what I get, which is not really what I want. It is treating all the cases/sublists with common label as one single sequence, thus we see at the end of each line it goes back the where it starts. I have looked up on how to iteratively plotting this in a for-loop (just like matplotlib) (basically creating a new pandas dataframe at each iteration and plot it), however with no success. Does anyone have any experience on this please? Much appreciated!

A mcve is as below:

import plotly.express as px
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

features = [np.random.rand(4,2).tolist(), 
            np.random.rand(5,2).tolist(), 
            np.random.rand(6,2).tolist(), 
            np.random.rand(5,2).tolist(), 
            np.random.rand(9,2).tolist()]
labels = [[1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1], [2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2],
         [2, 2, 2, 2, 2], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]

t = [[ii+1 for ii in range(len(features[i]))] for i in range(len(labels))]
x0 = [[x[0] for x in features[i]] for i in range(len(labels))]
x1 = [[x[1] for x in features[i]] for i in range(len(labels))]

df2 = pd.DataFrame(dict(
    X=[tii for ti in t for tii in ti],
    Y=[xii for xi in x0 for xii in xi],
    Z=[xii for xi in x1 for xii in xi],
    color=[aa for a in labels for aa in a]
))
fig1 = px.line_3d(df2, x="X", y="Y", z="Z", color="color")
fig1.show()

You see basically 3 lines instead of 5.

It doesn't seem to me that features is defines. Do you mind to produce a mcve? — rpanai
– rpanai, Commented Feb 10, 2020 at 15:25
You see three lines cos for px the first set of labels [1,1,...] is the same as the second. — rpanai
– rpanai, Commented Feb 10, 2020 at 17:31

rpanai · Accepted Answer · 2020-02-11 18:07:58Z

Your problems is that you are using the same label for different traces. Here a workaround with a loop

import numpy as np
import plotly.graph_objs as go

features = [np.random.rand(4,2).tolist(), 
            np.random.rand(5,2).tolist(), 
            np.random.rand(6,2).tolist(), 
            np.random.rand(5,2).tolist(), 
            np.random.rand(9,2).tolist()]
labels = [[1, 1, 1, 1],
          [1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
          [2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2],
          [2, 2, 2, 2, 2],
          [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]

fig = go.Figure()
for i, feat in enumerate(features):
    feat = np.array(feat)
    fig.add_trace(
        go.Scatter3d(
            x=np.arange(len(feat)),
            y=feat[:,0],
            z=feat[:,1],
            mode='lines',
            hovertext=labels[i]
        )
    )
fig.show()

You might need to play with trace names.

Update

Hoefully it's not too overcomplicated but it is meant to be as generic as possible


import numpy as np
import plotly.graph_objs as go
from itertools import cycle

def plotly_color_map(names):
    # From https://stackoverflow.com/a/44727682
    plotly_colors = cycle(['#1f77b4',  # muted blue
                           '#ff7f0e',  # safety orange
                           '#2ca02c',  # cooked asparagus green
                           '#d62728',  # brick red
                           '#9467bd',  # muted purple
                           '#8c564b',  # chestnut brown
                           '#e377c2',  # raspberry yogurt pink
                           '#7f7f7f',  # middle gray
                           '#bcbd22',  # curry yellow-green
                           '#17becf'  # blue-teal
                           ])

    return dict(zip(names, plotly_colors))


features = [np.random.rand(4,2).tolist(), 
            np.random.rand(5,2).tolist(), 
            np.random.rand(6,2).tolist(), 
            np.random.rand(5,2).tolist(), 
            np.random.rand(9,2).tolist()]

labels = [[1, 1, 1, 1],
          [1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
          [2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2],
          [2, 2, 2, 2, 2],
          [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]

legend_groups = [l[0] for l in labels]

traces = [False if (len(legend_groups[:i])>0 and l in legend_groups[:i]) 
          else True for i, l in enumerate(legend_groups)]

cm = plotly_color_map(set(legend_groups))

fig = go.Figure()
for i, feat in enumerate(features):
    feat = np.array(feat)
    fig.add_trace(
        go.Scatter3d(
            x=np.arange(len(feat)),
            y=feat[:,0],
            z=feat[:,1],
            mode='lines',
            line={"color":cm[legend_groups[i]]},
            legendgroup=legend_groups[i],
            hovertext=labels[i],
            showlegend=traces[i],
            name="label_{}".format(legend_groups[i])
        )
    )
fig.show()

Thanks very much @rpanai! May I pls ask if I can assign a colour to each line based on its label (i.e. '0' or '1' or '2'), instead of a different colour for each line? And thus the legend shows which colour indicates which label.
It'd be great if you can @rpanai! Much appreciated! Thanks!!

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