Probably the most flexible and efficient way is dynamically creating a temporary view using function:
create or replace function f_prepare(tname text, vname text) returns text language plpgsql as $$
begin
execute format(
'create or replace temporary view %I as select * from %I',
vname, tname);
return vname;
end $$;
Then you can use the created view in usual way, for example;
select f_prepare('pg_class', 'v_class');
select * from v_class where relname = 'pg_database'; -- Index on the source table will be used here
and using your code:
select f_prepare((select col1 from meta_table where col2 = 'val2'), 'v');
select * from v;
And as any other temporary objects, created views will not conflict with other sessions and will be dropped on disconnect.