Allocate a string array from inside a function in C

Question

I have a function that scans a file and returns the number of the lines along with the lines in a string array, my function looks like this :

int load_lines(char* _file, char** _array){
    FILE *infile;
    char line_buffer[BUFSIZ];
    char line_number;

    infile = fopen(_file, "r");

    ine_number = 0;
    while (fgets(line_buffer, sizeof(line_buffer), infile)) 
        ++line_number;

    fclose(infile);
    _array = malloc (line_number * sizeof(char*));
    infile = fopen(_file, "r");
    line_number = 0;

    while (fgets(line_buffer, sizeof(line_buffer), infile)) {
        _array[line_number] = malloc(strlen(line_buffer) + 1);
        strcpy(_array[line_number], line_buffer);

        //a printf on _array[line_number] works fine here
        ++line_number;
    }

    return line_number;
}

When I call it like this:

char** _array;
line_number = load_lines(inname, _array);

_array[0];

I get a segmentation fault since the array seems to be not allocated after the return of the function.

Have you tried stepping through your code in a debugger?

Oliver Charlesworth
– Oliver Charlesworth

2011-07-01 13:15:16 +00:00
Commented Jul 1, 2011 at 13:15 — Oliver Charlesworth
– Oliver Charlesworth, Commented Jul 1, 2011 at 13:15

Oliver Charlesworth · Accepted Answer · 2011-07-01 13:20:15Z

6

When you pass an argument into a function, the function always works on a copy of that argument.

So in your case, load_lines is working on a copy of _array. The original _array is not modified:

char** _array = NULL;
printf("%p\n", _array); // Prints "0x0000"
line_number = load_lines(inname, _array);
printf("%p\n", _array); // Prints "0x0000"

To modify _array, you need to pass a pointer to it:

int load_lines(char* _file, char*** _array){
    ...
    (*array) = malloc (line_number * sizeof(char*));
    ...
    (*array)[line_number] = malloc(strlen(line_buffer) + 1);
}

char** _array = NULL;
line_number = load_lines(inname, &_array);

[However, any time you find yourself needing a triple pointer (i.e. ***), it's time to reconsider your architecture.]

answered Jul 1, 2011 at 13:20

Oliver Charlesworth

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1 Comment

user824906 Over a year ago

Exactly, I'm wondering how things are handled in C, a function that returns the lines read from a file and their number!

buc · Accepted Answer · 2011-07-01 13:19:30Z

2

If you want to return a newly allocated array of strings from the function, then the second argument of the function must have a type of char***, eg. a pointer to an array of strings:

int load_lines(char* _file, char*** _array) {
    ...
    char** tmparray = malloc(line_number * sizeof(char*));
    ...
        tmparray[line_number] = malloc(strlen(line_buffer) + 1);
        strcpy(tmparray[line_number], line_buffer);
    ...
    (*_array) = tmparray;
}

And when you call the function:

char** _array;
line_number = load_hosts(inname, &_array);

answered Jul 1, 2011 at 13:19

buc

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