R equivalent to permuting array dimensions permute(A, dimorder) in Matlab

I believe I successfully replicated the MATLAB script in R. I don't think you actually need an equivalent for permute. In the MATLAB script, permute appears to be simply dropping excess dimensions. R does that by default unless you specify drop = FALSE when you subset an array, e.g.,

lnA[[tau, modal]] <- a[[modal]][outcomes[modal, tau],,,drop = FALSE]

If I add lnA = cell(T, NumModalities); to the MATLAB script before your final for loop and then modify the inside of the loop to be

lnA{tau, modal} = permute(a{modal}(outcomes(modal,tau),:,:,:,:,:),[2 3 4 5 6 1]);

Then I get the same array of matrices in lnA for both the MATLAB and R implementations.

In R, I use an array of lists as the equivalent of a MATLAB 2+ dimension cell array:

lnA1 = cell(T, 1); # MATLAB
lnA1 <- vector("list", Time) # R    
lnA2 = cell(T, NumModalities); # MATLAB
lnA2 <- array(vector("list", Time*NumModalities), c(Time, NumModalities)) # R
lnA2 <- matrix(vector("list", Time*NumModalities), Time) # R
lnA3 = cell(T, NumModalities, 2); # MATLAB
lnA3 <- array(vector("list", Time*NumModalities*2), c(Time, NumModalities, 2)) # R

Here's the implementation:

nat_log <- function (x) { # necessary as log(0) not defined...
  x <- log(x + exp(-16))
}

# Set up a list for D and A
D <- list(c(1, 0),       # (left better, right better)
          c(1, 0, 0, 0)) #(start, hint, choose-left, choose-right)
A <- c(rep(list(array(0, c(3, 2, 4))), 2), list(array(0, c(4, 2, 4))))

Ns <- lengths(D) # number of states in each state factor (2 and 4)
A[[1]][,,1:Ns[2]] <- matrix(c(1,1,  # No Hint
                              0,0,  # Machine-Left Hint
                              0,0), # Machine-Right Hint
                      ncol = 2, nrow = 3, byrow = TRUE)

pHA <- 1
A[[1]][,,2] <- matrix(c(0,       0,       # No Hint
                        pHA,     1 - pHA, # Machine-Left Hint
                        1 - pHA, pHA),    # Machine-Right Hint
                      nrow = 3, ncol = 2, byrow = TRUE)

A[[2]][,,1:2] <- matrix(c(1, 1,   # Null
                          0, 0,   # Loss
                          0, 0),  # Win
                        ncol = 2, nrow = 3, byrow = TRUE)

pWin <- 0.8
A[[2]][,,3] <- matrix(c(0,        0,         # Null        
                        1 - pWin, pWin,      # Loss
                        pWin,     1 - pWin), # Win
                      ncol = 2, nrow = 3, byrow = TRUE)

A[[2]][,,4] <- matrix(c(0,        0,        # Null        
                        pWin,     1 - pWin, # Loss
                        1 - pWin, pWin),    # Win
                      ncol = 2, nrow = 3, byrow = TRUE)

for (i in 1:Ns[2]) {
  A[[3]][i,,i] <- c(1,1)
}

# Set up a list of matrices:
a <- lapply(1:3, function(i) A[[i]]*200)
a[[1]][,,2] <- matrix(c(0,    0,     # No Hint
                        0.25, 0.25,  # Machine-Left Hint
                        0.25, 0.25), # Machine-Right Hint
                      nrow = 3, ncol = 2, byrow = TRUE)

outcomes <- matrix(c(1, 2, 1,
                     1, 1, 2,
                     1, 2, 4),
                   ncol = 3, nrow = 3, byrow = TRUE)

NumModalities <- length(a)       # number of outcome factors
Time <- 3L
lnA <- array(vector("list", Time*NumModalities), c(Time, NumModalities))

for (tau in 1:Time){
  for (modal in 1:NumModalities){
    lnA[[tau, modal]] <- a[[modal]][outcomes[modal, tau],,]
  }
}