defining default values for an array of derived data type

First a note on terminology: in a statement like

integer, save :: i=1

this doesn't provide a "default" value for i, it provides an initial value for i. We call this explicit initialization. (Note how I've put the SAVE attribute there just to make it obvious; the attribute is implicit.)

The syntax for such explicit initialization is the same whether the object is of intrinsic or derived type, a scalar or an array:

type(decl_type), save[, attributes] :: myobj = initial_expression

where decl_type is integer, real, my_type, etc. (type(integer) can of course be written as the simple integer.)

For derived type, we just need to find a suitable initialization expression.

For an array myobj this expression can be a scalar (in which case all elements of the array initially have that value), or an array. Obvious cases use the default structure constructor:

type(my_type), save               :: myobj1 = decl_type(comps)
type(my_type), save, dimension(2) :: myobj2 = decl_type(comps)
type(my_type), save, dimension(2) :: myobj3 = [decl_type(comps1), decl_type(comps2)]

If you want to construct an array using the structure constructor, note that you need an array constructor: the structure constructor isn't elemental.

More generally we can use things other than the default structure constructor, but the expression must be a constant expression.

To provide an example suiting the question:

implicit none

type data
  integer :: j
  character(10) :: label
end type data

type(data), save, dimension(2) :: mydata=[data(0,"bad"), data(1,"good")]

end

Finally, if the derived type has default initialization for components, they can be omitted from the structure constructor:

implicit none

type data
  integer :: j=-1
  character(10) :: label="nothing"
end type data

type(data), save, dimension(2) :: mydata=data()

end