Can you read your .csv file into Excel or LibreOffice Calc (or any spreadsheet program) correctly? I guess you probably can. That means it is formatted correctly.
.csv files contain one line of text for each row of data in a table. These LOAD INFILE directives tell MySQL how to find the rows and columns in the .csv file.
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' means each column of data ends with a comma. Notice your first line of data :
De Ruijterkade,,123400000001234,,1,105...
The first column is the street name. The second is empty, the third is 1, the fourth 105 et cetera.
ENCLOSED BY '"' means columns of data which themselves contain a comma (a field terminator) must be enclosed in " characters. For example, if your street name had the value De Ruijterkade, Kade your file would contain
"De Ruijterkade, Kade",,123400000001234,,1,105...
Finally LINES TERMINATED BY '\r\n' means each line in your file (row in your table) ends with a Windows-style <return><linefeed> character pair.
Akina correctly pointed out the documentation. https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/load-data.html#load-data-field-line-handling