React, Cannot read properties of undefined Error with useEffect

When pulling data like this and rendering components conditional on that data, you should account for situations in which the data is not yet available or null.

Specifically, you're attempting to render this data:

  return (
    <div className="weather-feature">
      <h1>hi</h1>
      <p className="location">{weatherData.location.name}</p>
      <p className="temp">{weatherData.current.temp_c}</p>
      <p className="weather-desc">{weatherData.current.condition.text}</p>
    
    </div>

But it's not going to available on the first render (i.e. weatherData does not have a location property at first, since your default useState value is undefined).

There are many ways around this, and what you choose ultimately depends on your project and preferences.

You can use optional chaining as a simple protection against null references when checking nested properties:

  return (
    <div className="weather-feature">
      <h1>hi</h1>
      <p className="location">{weatherData.location?.name}</p>
      <p className="temp">{weatherData.current?.temp_c}</p>
      <p className="weather-desc">{weatherData.current?.condition?.text}</p>
    
    </div>

Or you can return something else if weatherData is not ready. A good tool for this kind of thing is swr:

import useSWR from 'swr'

function Weather()
{
  const { weatherData, error } = useSWR(weatherUrl, fetcher)

  if (error) return <div>failed to load</div>
  if (!weatherData) return <div>loading...</div>
  return <div>hello {weatherData.location}!</div>
}

As a side note, another thing to consider is your useEffect dependencies:

  useEffect(() => {

    (
      async function(){
        try {
          const response = await axios.get(weatherUrl);
          setWeatherData(response.weatherData);
        } catch (error) {
          setError(error);
        } 
      }
    )(); 
  }, [])

With an empty dependency array, your effect runs only on mount and unmount. If you want it to run based on some other variable(s) changing, add those variables to the dependency array.

Look: weatherData is your state, which is initially... nothing, because you don't pass any data.

So, you cannot access the location field on the first render because it does not exist yet.

It would help if you made sure weatherData exist:

return (
    <div className="weather-feature">
      <h1>hi</h1>
      <p className="location">{weatherData?.location.name}</p>
      <p className="temp">{weatherData?.current.temp_c}</p>
      <p className="weather-desc">{weatherData?.current.condition.text}</p>
    </div>
  )

You can debug to check the response. I think the respose is undefined from

const response = await axios.get(weatherUrl);

response = undefined => can not get weatherData property.

We are using useEffect you can debug on it by F12 in Chrome and see what happen and the reason of this bug. This is better than you come here to ask