How to update multiple properties of a nested object inside an array in Mongodb?

Question

Let say we have a document in mongodb

{
  id : 101,
  addresses : [
    {
      id: 1,
      suite: "flat 201",
      street: "north street"
      city: "london",
      country: "uk"
    }
  ]
}

i want to update multiple properties of the object at once without replacing whole object. For example :

const newAddress = {
  id:1,
  suite: "flat 301",
  street: "south street"
} 


userCollection.updateOne(
  {id : 101},
  { $set : {"addresses.$[address]" : newAddress } },
  {arrayFilters: [{address.id : newAddress.id}]}
)

This operation sets the object with new fields instead of updating only the given fields.

you need to specify all properties name, "addresses.$[address].suite" : newAddress.suite, "addresses.$[address].street" : newAddress.street. — turivishal
– turivishal, Commented Sep 28, 2022 at 14:13
what if we have many many fields.. and we can't pre define which fields user will update. — FishLegs
– FishLegs, Commented Sep 28, 2022 at 14:16
you have to prepare that logic on the client side, but the update query requires separate properties otherwise it will replace the whole object. — turivishal
– turivishal, Commented Sep 28, 2022 at 14:17
@turivishal ok.. looks like we have to perform a loop for each field — FishLegs
– FishLegs, Commented Sep 28, 2022 at 14:21
yes, loop that object's properties and prepare the object that the update query requires. — turivishal
– turivishal, Commented Sep 28, 2022 at 14:23

turivishal · Accepted Answer · 2022-09-28 16:32:19Z

1

When you update an object's properties, it must be required to specify each one by one, and if the properties are dynamic then you have to prepare a payload for an update on client side,

I assume you are using javascript,

const newAddress = {
  id:1,
  suite: "flat 301",
  street: "south street"
};

let set = {};
for (let n in newAddress) {
  set["addresses.$[address]."+n] = newAddress[n];
}

console.log(set);

// prepared update object
{
 "addresses.$[address].id": 1,
 "addresses.$[address].suite": "flat 301",
 "addresses.$[address].street": "south street"
}

You can pass set to update part in query,

userCollection.updateOne(
  { id : 101 },
  { $set : set },
  { arrayFilters: [{ "address.id" : newAddress.id }] }
)

You can do this directly in an update query but you have to use an update with an aggregation pipeline and I don't recommend this because it requires multiple expression operators and it is expensive.

answered Sep 28, 2022 at 16:32

turivishal

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8 Comments

FishLegs Over a year ago

should i select nested array's object using arrayFilters or multiple query operator like ({id:1, "address.id": newAddress.id}). what will scan less docs to find it?

turivishal Over a year ago

yes you can filter nested array's object by arrayFilters.

FishLegs Over a year ago

i know i can use arrayFilters.. but which way is more efficient between arrayFilters and multiple query parameter?

turivishal Over a year ago

i am not exactly getting what is multiple query parameter?

turivishal Over a year ago

then yes you can use that using $ positional update, no need to use arrayFilters.

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