Internal Server Error Illuminate\Contracts\Container\BindingResolutionException Target class [admin] does not exist

Question

I'm having this error that I can't seem to resolve. I'm making a Laravel application in PHP.

The routes in the web.php file are correct. There are no errors in the controller, nor in the kernel.php file. I really can't figure out why it's not working.

Thanks to anyone who can help me. I've seen similar questions, but they haven't helped.

Internal Server Error

Illuminate\Contracts\Container\BindingResolutionException
Target class [admin] does not exist.
GET 127.0.0.1:8888
PHP 8.2.11 — Laravel 12.20.0

Expand vendor frames

Illuminate\Container\Container:1019 build
Illuminate\Container\Container:890 resolve
Illuminate\Foundation\Application:1077 resolve
Illuminate\Container\Container:821 make
Illuminate\Foundation\Application:1057 make
Illuminate\Pipeline\Pipeline:197 Illuminate\Pipeline{closure}

Barryvdh\Debugbar\Middleware\InjectDebugbar:66 handle
Illuminate\Pipeline\Pipeline:208 Illuminate\Pipeline{closure}
Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\SubstituteBindings:50 handle
Illuminate\Pipeline\Pipeline:208 Illuminate\Pipeline{closure}
Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\Authenticate :63 handle

Illuminate\Pipeline\Pipeline
:208
Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure}

Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\VerifyCsrfToken
:87
handle

Illuminate\Pipeline\Pipeline
:208
Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure}

Illuminate\View\Middleware\ShareErrorsFromSession
:48
handle

Illuminate\Pipeline\Pipeline
:208
Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure}

Illuminate\Session\Middleware\StartSession
:120
handleStatefulRequest

Illuminate\Session\Middleware\StartSession
:63
handle

Illuminate\Pipeline\Pipeline
:208
Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure}

Illuminate\Cookie\Middleware\AddQueuedCookiesToResponse
:36
handle

Illuminate\Pipeline\Pipeline
:208
Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure}

Illuminate\Cookie\Middleware\EncryptCookies
:74
handle

Illuminate\Pipeline\Pipeline
:208
Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure}

Illuminate\Pipeline\Pipeline
:126
then

Illuminate\Routing\Router
:807
runRouteWithinStack

Illuminate\Routing\Router
:786
runRoute

Illuminate\Routing\Router
:750
dispatchToRoute

Illuminate\Routing\Router
:739
dispatch

Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Kernel
:200
Illuminate\Foundation\Http\{closure}

Illuminate\Pipeline\Pipeline
:169
Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure}

Barryvdh\Debugbar\Middleware\InjectDebugbar
:66
handle

Illuminate\Pipeline\Pipeline
:208
Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure}

Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\TransformsRequest
:21
handle

Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\ConvertEmptyStringsToNull
:31
handle

Illuminate\Pipeline\Pipeline
:208
Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure}

Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\TransformsRequest
:21
handle

Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\TrimStrings
:51
handle

Illuminate\Pipeline\Pipeline
:208
Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure}

Illuminate\Http\Middleware\ValidatePostSize
:27
handle

Illuminate\Pipeline\Pipeline
:208
Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure}

Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\PreventRequestsDuringMaintenance
:109
handle

Illuminate\Pipeline\Pipeline
:208
Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure}

Illuminate\Http\Middleware\HandleCors
:48
handle

Illuminate\Pipeline\Pipeline
:208
Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure}

Illuminate\Http\Middleware\TrustProxies
:58
handle

Illuminate\Pipeline\Pipeline
:208
Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure}

Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\InvokeDeferredCallbacks
:22
handle

Illuminate\Pipeline\Pipeline
:208
Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure}

Illuminate\Http\Middleware\ValidatePathEncoding
:26
handle

Illuminate\Pipeline\Pipeline
:208
Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure}

Illuminate\Pipeline\Pipeline
:126
then

Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Kernel
:175
sendRequestThroughRouter

Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Kernel
:144
handle

Illuminate\Foundation\Application
:1219
handleRequest

C:\Users\PC\Desktop\gestione_biblioteca\public\index.php
:20
require_once

C:\Users\PC\Desktop\gestione_biblioteca\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Foundation\resources\server.php
:23
C:\Users\PC\Desktop\gestione_biblioteca\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Container\Container.php :1019
        }
 
        try {
            $reflector = new ReflectionClass($concrete);
        } catch (ReflectionException $e) {
            throw new BindingResolutionException("Target class [$concrete] does not exist.", 0, $e);
        }
 
        // If the type is not instantiable, the developer is attempting to resolve
        // an abstract type such as an Interface or Abstract Class and there is
        // no binding registered for the abstractions so we need to bail out.
        if (! $reflector->isInstantiable()) {
            return $this->notInstantiable($concrete);
        }
 
        $this->buildStack[] = $concrete;
 
Request
GET /admin/copies

File web.php:

use App\Http\Controllers\Admin\BookController;
use App\Http\Controllers\Admin\BookCopyController;
use App\Http\Controllers\Admin\CategoryController;
use App\Http\Controllers\Auth\RegisteredUserController;
use App\Http\Controllers\LibroController;
use App\Http\Controllers\ProfileController;
use App\Http\Controllers\Admin\ReservationUserController;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;

// Rotte pubbliche
Route::get('/', fn() => view('home'));

Route::get('/catalogo', [LibroController::class, 'index'])->name('books.catalog.index');
Route::get('/catalogo/{book}', [LibroController::class, 'show'])->name('books.catalog.show');

// Rotte autenticazione
require __DIR__.'/auth.php';

// Rotte utenti autenticati
Route::middleware(['auth'])->group(function () {
    Route::get('/dashboard', fn() => view('dashboard'))->name('dashboard');
    
    // Profilo
    Route::get('/profile', [ProfileController::class, 'edit'])->name('profile.edit');
    Route::patch('/profile', [ProfileController::class, 'update'])->name('profile.update');
    Route::delete('/profile', [ProfileController::class, 'destroy'])->name('profile.destroy');

    // Prenotazioni utente
    Route::get('/prenotazioni', [ReservationUserController::class, 'index'])->name('prenotazioni.index');
    Route::post('/prenota/{book}', [ReservationUserController::class, 'reserve'])->name('reservations.reserve');
    Route::get('/mie-prenotazioni', [ReservationUserController::class, 'index'])->name('my.reservations');
});

// Rotte admin protette da auth e admin middleware
Route::middleware(['auth', 'admin'])->prefix('admin')->name('admin.')->group(function () {
    Route::get('/dashboard', fn() => view('admin.dashboard'))->name('dashboard');

    // Risorse admin
    Route::resource('books', BookController::class);
    Route::resource('copies', BookCopyController::class);
    Route::resource('reservations', ReservationUserController::class)->names([
        'index'   => 'reservations.index',
        'create'  => 'reservations.create',
        'store'   => 'reservations.store',
        'show'    => 'reservations.show',
        'edit'    => 'reservations.edit',
        'update'  => 'reservations.update',
        'destroy' => 'reservations.destroy',
    ]);
    Route::get('/users', [RegisteredUserController::class, 'index'])->name('users.index');
});

// Rotte categoria senza restrizioni particolari (puoi aggiungere middleware se vuoi)
Route::resource('categories', CategoryController::class)->only(['index', 'create', 'store', 'destroy']);


nel middleware ho: use App\Http\Controllers\Admin\BookController;
use App\Http\Controllers\Admin\BookCopyController;
use App\Http\Controllers\Admin\CategoryController;
use App\Http\Controllers\Auth\RegisteredUserController;
use App\Http\Controllers\LibroController;
use App\Http\Controllers\ProfileController;
use App\Http\Controllers\Admin\ReservationUserController;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;

// Rotte pubbliche
Route::get('/', fn() => view('home'));

Route::get('/catalogo', [LibroController::class, 'index'])->name('books.catalog.index');
Route::get('/catalogo/{book}', [LibroController::class, 'show'])->name('books.catalog.show');

// Rotte autenticazione
require __DIR__.'/auth.php';

// Rotte utenti autenticati
Route::middleware(['auth'])->group(function () {
    Route::get('/dashboard', fn() => view('dashboard'))->name('dashboard');
    
    // Profilo
    Route::get('/profile', [ProfileController::class, 'edit'])->name('profile.edit');
    Route::patch('/profile', [ProfileController::class, 'update'])->name('profile.update');
    Route::delete('/profile', [ProfileController::class, 'destroy'])->name('profile.destroy');

    // Prenotazioni utente
    Route::get('/prenotazioni', [ReservationUserController::class, 'index'])->name('prenotazioni.index');
    Route::post('/prenota/{book}', [ReservationUserController::class, 'reserve'])->name('reservations.reserve');
    Route::get('/mie-prenotazioni', [ReservationUserController::class, 'index'])->name('my.reservations');
});

// Rotte admin protette da auth e admin middleware
Route::middleware(['auth', 'admin'])->prefix('admin')->name('admin.')->group(function () {
    Route::get('/dashboard', fn() => view('admin.dashboard'))->name('dashboard');

    // Risorse admin
    Route::resource('books', BookController::class);
    Route::resource('copies', BookCopyController::class);
    Route::resource('reservations', ReservationUserController::class)->names([
        'index'   => 'reservations.index',
        'create'  => 'reservations.create',
        'store'   => 'reservations.store',
        'show'    => 'reservations.show',
        'edit'    => 'reservations.edit',
        'update'  => 'reservations.update',
        'destroy' => 'reservations.destroy',
    ]);
    Route::get('/users', [RegisteredUserController::class, 'index'])->name('users.index');
});

// Rotte categoria senza restrizioni particolari (puoi aggiungere middleware se vuoi)
Route::resource('categories', CategoryController::class)->only(['index', 'create', 'store', 'destroy']);

I think your issue is with this code: Route::middleware(['auth', 'admin']); if the admin Middleware doesn't exist, I believe that would trigger this error. I've seen this question on Stackoverflow before, so see if you find any of those other questions and see if they have a solution available. — Tim Lewis
– Tim Lewis, Commented Jul 29 at 17:33
And you assigned this Admin middleware as admin? I haven't worked much with Laravel 12, so the syntax is different than what I'm used to, but laravel.com/docs/12.x/middleware#middleware-aliases should give you the idea — Tim Lewis
– Tim Lewis, Commented Jul 29 at 19:12
I voted to re-open as it's now in English, but removed the irrelevant info you posted (regarding that, please read Under what circumstances may I add “urgent” or other similar phrases to my question, in order to obtain faster answers? if you don't know why it's not relevant). Thanks — ADyson
– ADyson, Commented Jul 29 at 21:41

Ved Bohra · Accepted Answer · 2025-08-06 13:26:49Z

Controller dependency or route group middleware using a string 'admin' that it cannot map to a valid class or middleware

Create the AdminMiddleware

php artisan make:middleware AdminMiddleware

Then open app/Http/Middleware/AdminMiddleware.php and define your logic:

namespace App\Http\Middleware;

use Closure;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;

class AdminMiddleware
{
    public function handle(Request $request, Closure $next): Response
    {
        if (!auth()->check() || !auth()->user()->is_admin) {
            abort(403, 'Unauthorized');
        }

        return $next($request);
    }
}

Open app/Http/Kernel.php, and add your alias in the middlewareAliases() method:

protected function middlewareAliases(): array
{
    return [
        'auth' => \App\Http\Middleware\Authenticate::class,
        'admin' => \App\Http\Middleware\AdminMiddleware::class,
        // add other middleware here
    ];
}


// app/Http/Kernel.php
protected function middlewareAliases(): array
{
    return [
        'admin' => \App\Http\Middleware\AdminMiddleware::class,
    ];
}

halfer · Accepted Answer · 2025-08-19 21:10:30Z

Since you are on laravel 12 create the AdminMiddleware using this command

php artisan make:middleware AdminMiddleware

in the AdminMiddleware file, enter this code

namespace App\Http\Middleware;

use Closure;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;

class AdminMiddleware
{
    public function handle(Request $request, Closure $next): Response
    {
        if (!auth()->check() || !auth()->user()->is_admin) {
            abort(403, 'Unauthorized');
        }

        return $next($request);
    }
}

And register it in your bootstrap/app.php file like this

<?php

use Illuminate\Foundation\Application;
use App\Http\Middleware\AdminMiddleware;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Configuration\Exceptions;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Configuration\Middleware;
use Illuminate\Console\Scheduling\Schedule;
use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\HttpException;

return Application::configure(basePath: dirname(__DIR__))
    ->withRouting(
        web: __DIR__.'/../routes/web.php',
        api: __DIR__.'/../routes/api.php',
        commands: __DIR__.'/../routes/console.php',
        channels: __DIR__.'/../routes/channels.php',
        health: '/up',
    )
    ->withMiddleware(function (Middleware $middleware) {
        $middleware->alias([
            'admin' => AdminMiddleware::class,
        ]);
    })
    ->withExceptions(function (Exceptions $exceptions) {
    });

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