Being bumped means that it has been bumped (at least temporarily) to the very top of the active page and the front page.
Any post with a score of 0 or above which is not closed can be bumped by the Community User/Bot (which are the same thing, btw), provided it hasn't been active for 30 days and hasn't been bumped in the past 120 days (unless there was non bumping activity on the post since then).
In addition, questions with more views and unanswered questions are more likely to be bumped. There is also a limit to how many unanswered questions can be bumped per hour (1 on most sites but different on a few sites) and some sites prohibit bumping when one of the recently active questions was a bumped question.
Please note the above only applies to bumping by the bot, with a few exceptions all edits made by humans will bump the question to the front page.