How can I write a Bash Script to display a menu, accept user input and display data?

Take a look at the select statement. It allows you to create a menu.

PS3="Please choose an option "
select option in go stay wait quit
do
    case $option in
        go) 
            echo "Going";;
        stay|wait) 
            echo "Standing by";;
        quit)
            break;;
     esac
done

Which would look like:

1) go
2) stay
3) wait
4) quit
Please choose an option

Edit:

One of your options might prompt for user input:

read -rp "Enter a phrase: " phrase
echo "The phrase you entered was $phrase"

You might want to check out Whiptail or Dialog with which one can make graphical interfaces inside the terminal.

Here and here is a good resources on how to use whiptail.

And the answers to this question is a good example of how to use Dialog

Here is a code example that shows how to read user input: http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/internal.html#READR

You can also use CLI arguments:

test.sh

echo $1

CLI:

$ ./test.sh testinput
testinput