Try storing first the value in an HTML element like <span></span>, and assign class tag for the + and - button:
<table border="1">
<tr align="left" valign="top">
<th>ID</th>
<th>NAME</th>
<th>VALUE</th>
</tr>
<tr align="left" valign="top">
<td>1</td>
<td>Item 1</td>
<td><button class="minus">-</button> <span>5</span> <button class="plus">+</button></td>
</tr>
</table>
Then create the script:
$(document).ready(function(){
$(document).on("click", ".minus", function(){ /* WHEN MINUS IS CLICKED */
var elem = $(this); /* THE ELEMENT CLICKED */
var id = elem.parent().siblings(":first").text(); /* ID OF THIS ROW IN THE DATABASE */
var current_no = Number(elem.closest("td").find("span").html()); /* CURRENT VALUE OF THIS ROW */
var new_no = current_no - 1; /* REDUCE ONE VALUE */
elem.closest("td").find("span").html(new_no); /* REPLACE WITH THE NEW NUMBER INSIDE THE SPAN */
});
$(document).on("click", ".plus", function(){ /* WHEN PLUS IS CLICKED */
var elem = $(this); /* THE ELEMENT CLICKED */
var id = elem.parent().siblings(":first").text(); /* ID OF THIS ROW IN THE DATABASE */
var current_no = Number(elem.closest("td").find("span").html()); /* CURRENT VALUE OF THIS ROW */
var new_value = current_no + 1; /* ADD ONE VALUE */
elem.closest("td").find("span").html(new_no); /* REPLACE WITH THE NEW NUMBER INSIDE THE SPAN */
});
});
For updating the data in your MySQL database in real-time, you need to use AJAX.
$.ajax({ /* START AJAX */
type: "POST", /* METHOD TO USE TO PASS THE DATA */
url: "update.php", /* FILE DESTINATION OF THE DATA */
data: {"id": id, "value": new_value} /* THE DATA TO BE PASSED ON */
}); /* END OF AJAX */
On the update.php file, it must contain the UPDATE query:
/*** YOUR ESTABLISHED CONNECTION HERE ***/
$stmt = $connection->prepare("UPDATE table SET value = ? WHERE id = ?");
$stmt->bind_param("ii", $_POST["value"], $_POST["id"]);
$stmt->execute();
Here is a jsfiddle (but without the AJAX).