Is there a way in Rust to initialize the first n elements of an array manually, and specify a default value to be used for the rest?
Specifically, when initializing structs, we can specify some fields, and use .. to initialize the remaining fields from another struct, e.g.:
let foo = Foo {
x: 1,
y: 2,
..Default::default()
};
Is there a similar mechanism for initializing part of an array manually? e.g.
let arr: [i32; 5] = [1, 2, ..3];
to get [1, 2, 3, 3, 3]?
Edit: I realized this can be done on stable. For the original answer, see below.
I had to juggle with the compiler so it will be able to infer the type of the array, but it works:
// A workaround on the same method on `MaybeUninit` being unstable.
// Copy-paste from https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/src/core/mem/maybe_uninit.rs.html#943-953.
pub unsafe fn maybe_uninit_array_assume_init<T, const N: usize>(
array: [core::mem::MaybeUninit<T>; N],
) -> [T; N] {
// SAFETY:
// * The caller guarantees that all elements of the array are initialized
// * `MaybeUninit<T>` and T are guaranteed to have the same layout
// * `MaybeUninit` does not drop, so there are no double-frees
// And thus the conversion is safe
(&array as *const _ as *const [T; N]).read()
}
macro_rules! array_with_default {
(@count) => { 0usize };
(@count $e:expr, $($rest:tt)*) => { 1usize + array_with_default!(@count $($rest)*) };
[$($e:expr),* ; $default:expr; $default_size:expr] => {{
// There is no hygiene for items, so we use unique names here.
#[allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
const __array_with_default_EXPRS_LEN: usize = array_with_default!(@count $($e,)*);
#[allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
const __array_with_default_DEFAULT_SIZE: usize = $default_size;
let mut result = unsafe { ::core::mem::MaybeUninit::<
[::core::mem::MaybeUninit<_>; {
__array_with_default_EXPRS_LEN + __array_with_default_DEFAULT_SIZE
}],
>::uninit().assume_init() };
let mut dest = result.as_mut_ptr();
$(
let expr = $e;
unsafe {
::core::ptr::write((*dest).as_mut_ptr(), expr);
dest = dest.add(1);
}
)*
for default_value in [$default; __array_with_default_DEFAULT_SIZE] {
unsafe {
::core::ptr::write((*dest).as_mut_ptr(), default_value);
dest = dest.add(1);
}
}
unsafe { maybe_uninit_array_assume_init(result) }
}};
}
Based on the example from @Denys, here is a macro that works on nightly. Note that I had problems matching the .. syntax (though I'm not entirely sure that's impossible; just didn't put much time into that):
#![feature(generic_const_exprs)]
#![allow(incomplete_features)]
use std::mem::MaybeUninit;
pub fn concat_arrays<T, const N: usize, const M: usize>(a: [T; N], b: [T; M]) -> [T; N + M] {
unsafe {
let mut result = MaybeUninit::<[T; N + M]>::uninit();
let dest = result.as_mut_ptr().cast::<[T; N]>();
dest.write(a);
let dest = dest.add(1).cast::<[T; M]>();
dest.write(b);
result.assume_init()
}
}
macro_rules! array_with_default {
[$($e:expr),* ; $default:expr; $default_size:expr] => {
concat_arrays([$($e),*], [$default; $default_size])
};
}
fn main() {
dbg!(array_with_default![1, 2; 3; 7]);
}
As another option, you can build a default filled array and just modify the positions you require in runtime:
#![feature(explicit_generic_args_with_impl_trait)]
fn array_with_default_and_positions<T: Copy, const SIZE: usize>(
default: T,
init_values: impl IntoIterator<Item = (usize, T)>,
) -> [T; SIZE] {
let mut res = [default; SIZE];
for (i, e) in init_values.into_iter() {
res[i] = e;
}
res
}
Notice the use of #![feature(explicit_generic_args_with_impl_trait)],which is nightly, it could be replaced by an slice since T and usize are copy:
fn array_with_default_and_positions_v2<T: Copy, const SIZE: usize>(
default: T,
init_values: &[(usize, T)],
) -> [T; SIZE] {
let mut res = [default; SIZE];
for &(i, e) in init_values.into_iter() {
res[i] = e;
}
res
}
[1, 2, ..3]is not equal to the struct update syntax since there you put whole instance after the ellipsis. What it should be is[1, 2, ..[3; 5]]. I don't think a syntax like that exist, however.vecd![1, 2, ; 3; 5]) ?